中考英語(yǔ)知識(shí)梳理:賓語(yǔ)從句

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2016-2-16 編輯:互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 手機(jī)版

在復(fù)合句中用作賓語(yǔ)的從句叫做賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句是初中英語(yǔ)中最重要的一種從句,它內(nèi)容完整,句型結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜,主句和從句時(shí)態(tài)搭配要求嚴(yán)格,在中考試題中頻頻出現(xiàn)。而且學(xué)好賓語(yǔ)從句也可為到高中學(xué)習(xí)間接引語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句及同位語(yǔ)從句打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。學(xué)習(xí)賓語(yǔ)從句并不難,只要你能過(guò)好下面的三道關(guān):

第一關(guān),選好連接詞(也有人叫關(guān)聯(lián)詞)。

引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞,課本上寫有三類,但從學(xué)習(xí)的角度看分為四類更為實(shí)用。

1.連詞that:只起連接作用,在從句中不作句子成分,也無(wú)詞匯意義,在口語(yǔ)中或非正式文體中常被省略。例如:

1)He knew(that)he should work hard.

2)I am glad(that)you've passed the exam.

2.連詞whether或if:它們起連接作用,在從句中不作句子成分,作“是否”解,口語(yǔ)中多用if。例如:

3)Do you know whether he will ride here at 8 tomorrow morning?(注:2002上海市徐匯區(qū)中考試題填上答案后的句子。以下再有這種例句,都為2002年中考題,只寫某地。)

4)Tom didn't know if/whether his grandpa liked the present.

作“是否”解的if和whether在具體用法上差別較大,同學(xué)們不易掌握。在賓語(yǔ)從句中用whether沒(méi)有用if時(shí)受到那么多限制。例如:

5)He asked me whether or not I was coming.他問(wèn)我是否要來(lái)。(該句中的whether不能換成if,因?yàn)閕f不能與or連用。)

3.連接代詞who,whom ,whose,what, which:它們起連接作用,作句子成分,各有其自己的意義。例如:

6)The teacher asked the new student which class he was in?(武漢市)(which引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,在從句中作定語(yǔ),修飾class,意為“哪個(gè)”。)

7)Can you tell me whom he is waiting for?(天津市)

4.連接副詞when,where, why,how:起連接作用,分別作時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、方式狀語(yǔ),各有其自己的意義。例如:

8)I wonder where he got so much money.對(duì)他從哪里弄到那么多錢我感到疑惑。(where在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),修飾got,意為“哪里;什么地方”。)

9)He didn't tell me how old his friend was.(四川省)(how引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,作程度狀語(yǔ),修飾old,意為“怎樣;如何”等意。)

第二關(guān),牢記賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序是陳述句語(yǔ)序,即“連接詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其他”。這里特別強(qiáng)調(diào)的是,它的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)序是陳述句的語(yǔ)序,不是疑問(wèn)句的倒裝語(yǔ)序。例如:

10)You must remember what your teacher said.(河南省)

11)-Dad,do you know when the football game will start?

-In half an hour.(寧波市)

12)漢譯英:你能不能告訴我,我們?nèi)タ赐l(shuí)?

誤:Can you tell me who(m)do we have to see?

正:Can you tell me who(m)we have to see?

錯(cuò)句的錯(cuò)誤出在賓語(yǔ)從句中誤用了疑問(wèn)句的結(jié)構(gòu)--主語(yǔ)前加了個(gè)助動(dòng)詞do。因?yàn)槲覀円呀?jīng)習(xí)慣了特殊疑問(wèn)句,如W hat time does the plane arrive in Paris?就順口說(shuō)出“Do you know what time does the plane arrive in Paris?”這種錯(cuò)誤句子來(lái)。但是一旦我們注意了,我們不久就習(xí)慣于說(shuō)“Do you know what time the plane arrives in Paris?”了。

第三關(guān),注意時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)。

賓語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài),常常受主句謂語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)的制約,這種現(xiàn)象稱為“時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)”。例如:

13)漢譯英:我原以為你今天有空的。

誤:I thought(that)you are free today.

正:I thought(that)you would be free today.

錯(cuò)句中賓語(yǔ)從句用are很可能是因?yàn)橛?today,但因?yàn)橹骶渲^語(yǔ)是thought,所以從句謂語(yǔ)就該用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)would be了。

這種時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng),如果主句謂語(yǔ)是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)不受限制,如上述例句2),3),7),8),10),11),12)。如果主句時(shí)態(tài)是過(guò)去時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句一般要隨著改為相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)(即一般過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)等)。例如:

14)He thought he was working for the people.

15)I heard she had been to the Great W all.

16)John hoped that he would find a job soon.

但賓語(yǔ)從句如果表示定理法則、永恒真理等,則不變化:

17)The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun.

核心知識(shí)

鞏固與檢測(cè)請(qǐng)做下列2002年中考題:

1.In the bookshop,a reader asked the shop keeper _____ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book.(北京市東城區(qū))

A.that

B.how

C.what

D.if

2.-I don't know _____ Mr.Green will come to see us.

-He will help us with our English.(杭州市)

A.why

B.when

C.how

D.where

3.-We never know _____ the old m an is.

-They say he is a teacher.(鄂州市)

A.what

B.who

C.which

D.where

4.I was told _____ Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers.(重慶市)

A.that how

B.how that

C.when that

D.that when

5.-Do you know _____ ?I'm going to see him.

-Sorry,I don't know.(北京市海淀區(qū))

A.where does Mr.Li live

B.where did Mr.Li live

C.where Mr.Li lives

D.where Mr.Li lived

6.-W here do you think _____ he _____ the computer?

-Sorry,I have no idea.(南京市)

A./;bought

B.has;bought

C.did;buy

D.does;buy

7.I don't feel very well.Mum asked me _____ this morning.(重慶市)

A.what the matter is

B.what is wrong

C.what the matter was

D.what wrong was

8.-Where is Jack?

-He is away to spend his holiday.He's gone either to Hangzhou or to Wuhan,but I'm not sure _____ .(南昌市)

A.that

B.which

C.where

D.there

典型例題

Key:

賓語(yǔ)從句與中考試題 1-4 D A A D 5-8 C A C C

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